Postmodern Media Essays

From the specification.

  • the different versions of postmodernism (historical period, style, theoretical approach)
  • the arguments for and against understanding some forms of media as postmodern
  • the ways postmodern media texts can challenge traditional relationships between texts and audiences
  • the relationship between postmodernism and popular culture
  • the ways media audiences and industries operate differently in a postmodern world
  • the relationship between postmodernism and narrative.

Essay Titles to Practice:

Essay 1 (class essay)

  • How does postmodern media challenge narrative conventions of time and space in media texts?

Essay 2 (Pairs or Threes)

  • To what extent do postmodern media blur the boundaries between reality and representation?

Essay 3 (Pairs or Threes)

  • How far do postmodern texts challenge the audience to see things differently?

Essay 4 (Individual Class Essay)

  • Analyse how narrative conventions of time and space are subverted by postmodern media. 13B
  • To what extent do postmodern texts present particular challenges to audiences? 13D
  • How far do postmodern texts challenge the conventions of representation? 13A

Text 3: Bo Burnham: Inside (2021) dir. Bo Burnham

Why it’s a Postmodern Text?
  1. It is a brilliant satire (parody / pastiche) on stand up comedy, musicals, social media, children’s TV, music videos, the audience, lockdown. (Jameson)
    • He even takes a swipe at the monetisation of children’s attention by tech giants. (Ecology)
    • It draws attention it it’s own constructed and contrived nature as ‘content’. Hugely self reflexive (Jameson)
  2. Burnham also challenges and questions many grand narratives directly, through parody and quotation. (Lyotard)
  3. Finally, he is even hinting at the internet as a hyperreality and that the audience are lost in the consumption simulation. (Baudrillard)

Watch the whole thing on Netflix and then watch some selected clips below…or just the clips below, but you won’t quite get it!

A parody of Instagram profiles, posts, ideologies and audience narcissism.

A pastiche of music video performances and edits.

A self reflexive parody of a reaction video.

The Internet, The Audience and Consumption…and club singer performances.

That sense of disconnected in a world of more and more images and less and less meaning. Also known as The Postmodern Condition

Some further reading

LYRICS FROM WHITE WOMANS INSTAGRAM AND WELCOME TO THE INTERNET

Text 2: Lizzo Music Videos

There are two Lizzo videos that you could choose from.

Special

About Damn Time

All Music Videos in a sense are postmodern as they are a media form that has only been in existence in postmodern times (post 2nd World War).

Music Videos are often examples of postmodern media, not only because their place as a recognised art form has come about in the postmodern era but mainly because they evidence a range of ideas about what makes a text postmodern.


Andrew Goodwin, a renowned media theorist sums up the postmodernism of music videos:

    1.  Blurs high art and low art – it is media for everyone with no boundaries.
    2.  Abandons/challenges grand narratives – incomplete narratives, no sense of resolution, rejection of the overarching ideologies of society/history – love conquers all, men are the breadwinners, god is the answer etc.
    3. Intertextuality – borrows from other texts; deliberately, unknowingly, alludes to, knowing nod to – all of which fits with Jameson’s ideas on ‘nothing new, a flatness’ or as he puts it ‘blank parody’.
    4. Loss of Historical reality – pastiche and intertextuality blur history and chronology so that conventional notions of past, present and future  are lost in a melange of images, all of which appear to be contemporary.
    5. Audience/Text relationship – Breaking the 4th Wall and lip syncing

Intertextuality

  • Pastiche – use of a previous text as the basis for the whole music video.
  • Parody – making fun of a previous text.
  • Homage and quotation – sampling.
  • Weaponised intertextuality – deliberate Easter Eggs.

Bricolage

  •  Mixture of styles – cartoons, animations, dance, drama, acting, documentary, other footage.

Self-referential

  • Draws attention to its own construction – breaking the 4th wall, lip syncing. 

GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE relating to Music Videos and Postmodernism

  • They manipulate time and space – flashbacks, incomplete narratives usually present and they often challenge the grand narratives there is not always a happy ending, a dominant male, success after working hard for a living.
  • Play with the relationship between audience and text – breaking the 4th wall and there is often a presumption they are culturally competent, deliberately playing with their expectations. Expected to understand the media language for the intertextual references. 
  • Play with the distinction between reality and representation.
  • They blur the lines between high art and what is considered low art.
  • This is a little old now but it shows a self-referentiality (this is a music video that we have constructed) but it also points the finger at a wider postmodern scope i.e. the idea that people are lost in their hypereal worlds, unaware of their real lives and surroundings.  

Use the template in classroom to note down ideas on how you could use Lizzo as a case study for Postmodern Media. 

Jameson:

  • Intertextual References – referencing race, gender struggle?
  • Parody/Pastiche – music video dancers
  • Self reflexivity – breaking the 4th wall

Lyotard

  • The destruction of the grand narrative
    • As it challenges all of the below
      • Challenging representation of gender
      • Challenging representation of black women
      • Challenging the representation of body image

 

Text 1: Pride & Breadjudice (2018) Warburtons

A postmodern advert that  evidences various aspects of Postmodern media in terms of style and content.

It includes examples which can be applied to our three theorists’ ideas:

Jameson

  • Intertextuality
    • Pastiche
    • Parody
  • Self Reflexivity

Baudrillard

  • Simulacra (An image with no original)

Lyotard

  • Parody of the grand romantic narrative

See if you can spot the clear elements of its style, form and content that would enable it to be classified as postmodern.

Advertising often relies on that ‘cultural competence’ required for audiences to identify with the intertextuality.

It means that audiences can ‘relate’ to and ‘feel involved’ in the ‘in joke’ and therefore feel personally warm towards the brand.

How could you apply the following overarching definitions of postmodern media to this text?

Use the template in classroom to note down your ideas:

  • Plays with time and space – HOW? (historical eras blurred, references Ghost, parody of Pride and Prejudice/hip hop dancing/anachronic narrative/key quotation – Garlic Bread) – Jameson
  • Challenges the usual ‘audience/text’ relationship – HOW? (comedian playing himself playing a character/see the cameramen/catch him out of character/ad libs/consumer culture is dressed up as entertainment), expected to recognise the media language and be culturally competent- Jameson and Baudrillard
  • Tinkers with the conventions of representation – HOW? (comedy representation of a serious period drama) – Lyotard

Postmodern Media

A short 3 week unit for a 15 mark question in Paper 2, Component 4.

  • Make sure you are reading the relevant posts in the Theory section in the main categories of the blog.
  • Make sure you are checking classroom for resources and tasks.
  • Make sure you are making notes in class.

It will be fun – promise!

02 The Four Key Concepts in Media Studies

Learning Intention:

To review, define and refine your understanding of the four key concepts in media.

First off, some study / revision advice for all your subjects…
A presentation… including a task.

Independent study.

Memorise the definition of the following four key concepts, which we came up with in class. There will be a test!

Remember, these are relevant (to a greater or lesser extent) to both your exams in May. So you need this keystone understanding.

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